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NEW QUESTION 72
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease. Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___.
- A. negotiation
- B. discussion
- C. problems
- D. entanglement
- E. none of the above
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 73
The Andean cordillera is made up of many interwoven mountain ranges, which include high intermontane plateaus, basins, and valleys. The Northern Andes contain several broad ecosystems falling into four altitudinal belts. Its northern subregion is distinguished by higher humidity and by greater climatic symmetry between eastern and western flanks. The Central Andes are characterized by a succession of agricultural zones with varied climatic conditions along the mountains' flanks and by large, highaltitude plateaus, variously called puna or altiplano, which do not occur in the Northern Andes. The soil fertility of the northern altiplano is generally good. The western Central Andean ranges are relatively arid with desert- like soils, whereas the eastern ranges are more humid and have more diverse soils. The eastern slopes of the Central Andes in many ways are similar to the wet forests of the Northern Andes. Unlike the Northern Andes, however, these slopes have a dry season. In regions of gentle topography, such as the Amazon basin, regional climatic variation can be determined from a few widely spaced measurements. Regional projections in the Andean cordillera are quite difficult by comparison. For example, while air temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude, variability of mountain topography can produce much lower than expected air temperatures. Nevertheless, some general climatic patterns are discernible. For example, with increasing distance south of the equator the seasonality of precipitation increases, whereas the total annual amount generally decreases. Humidity commonly increases with increasing altitude, but only to some intermediate altitude, above which it declines. The variability of mountain terrain also affects precipitation, such that conditions of extreme wetness and aridity may exist in close proximity. Related to this temperature gradient is a pattern of ater rainfall at the valley heads, and less rain at lower altitudes, resulting in part from mountain rainshadow effect. The weather patterns of the Andean cordillera and Amazon basin in general reflect movements of highand low-pressure cells associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, a low-pressure trough that moves further north and south on a seasonal basis.
Precipitation is high throughout the year in the highlands and on the coast in the Northern Andes. Coastal aridity increases south of central Ecuador, culminating in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. In the Central Andes, highland precipitation is seasonal, and amounts are approximately half those measured in the Northern Andes. The aridity of the Central Andean coastal zone is the result of the drying effect of the cold Pacific Humboldt current and the southern Pacific high-pressure cell. Much of the southern portion of the Central Andes in Bolivia is also arid. The dry season causes soil moisture deficits and diminished stream flow part of each year.
According to the passage, the northern part of the high-altitude plateaus is characterized by which of the following?
- A. High relative humidity
- B. An arid climate
- C. Extremes in air temperature
- D. A succession of agricultural zones
- E. Fertile soil
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The high-altitude plateaus are called altiplano (line 16). The passage states explicitly that the soil fertility in the northern altiplano is generally good
NEW QUESTION 74
CLOISTERED:
- A. extrapolated
- B. gregarious
- C. savvy
- D. dispersed
- E. extraverted
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
CLOISTERED means "secluded or hidden away from the world." A good antonym is gregarious, which means "living in a community."
NEW QUESTION 75 
- A. Quantity A is greater.
- B. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- C. Quantity B is greater.
- D. The two quantities are equal.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 76
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease. Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.
- A. coastline
- B. islands
- C. physical features
- D. mountain range
- E. none of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 77 
In the circle with center O, if the length of minor arc MP is 3, what is the area of square region MOPQ ?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 78
Female Australian Dunaiothhps [small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate. Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of thrips that founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all parties. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.
The author mentions "desiccation" primarily to
- A. describe an environment suitable for one species* reproduction
- B. identify the purpose served by a particular behavior
- C. analyze an environmental challenge faced by some insect species
- D. characterize a stage in an insect species' developmental cycle
- E. exemplify a changing feature of a particular climate
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 79
Like paleontologists who interpret timescales from fossil evidence, we infer the history of star formation in the Milky Way galaxy from the heavy-element composition of its stars. According to the big bang theory of the origin of the universe, the first gas clouds-and the first generation of stars formed from them-were composed of pure hydrogen and helium; most heavier elements- iron and calcium, for example-came later, created by explosions of supernovas, massive stars in their death throes. Loaded with heavy elements, material ejected from supernovas enriched the interstellar gas clouds from which the next generation of stars formed, the level of heavy elements increasing with succeeding generations. Because most stars live for many billions of years and because the Milky Way is thus composed of multiple stellar generations, comparing the number of stars of low heavy-element abundance with those of high heavy-element abundance enables astronomers to untangle the history of star formation in the Milky Way.
The passage contains information about each of the following subjects EXCEPT the
- A. events that led to the presence of heavier elements in stars
- B. time in the history of the galaxy when calcium and iron first appeared
- C. composition of early interstellar gas clouds
- D. composition of early generations of stars
- E. age of the Milky Way galaxy relative to the age of other galaxies
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 80
If m = n and p < q , then which of the following inequalities holds true in all cases?
- A. Option A
- B. Option B
- C. Option D
- D. Option C
- E. Option E
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In choice (A), unequal quantities are subtracted from equal quantities. The differences are unequal, but the inequality is reversed because unequal numbers are being subtracted from rather than added to the equal numbers.
NEW QUESTION 81
In the figure, O lies at the center of the larger circle. What is the ratio of the smaller circle's area to the larger circle's area?
- A. 1:4
- B. 1:15
- C. 1:12
- D. 2:3
- E. 1:5
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The area of a circle = . Letting the radius of the smaller circle =r, the radius of the larger circle = 2r,
and its area = . The ratio of the smaller circle's area to the larger circle's area is
NEW QUESTION 82
DIALOGUE : PLAYWRIGHT
- A. clarification : beneficiary
- B. pact : humorist
- C. farce : buffoon
- D. overture : composer
- E. narrative : character
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 83 
- A. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- B. The quantity in Column B is greater;
- C. The quantities are equal;
- D. The quantity in Column A is greater;
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 84
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A D 79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lavA. Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction.
Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people. Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano.
By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientist have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate. In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.
Scientist have used ___ water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims.
- A. sea
- B. purified
- C. bottled
- D. volcanic
- E. fountain
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 85 
The units digit of 7 is v. and the units digit of What is the value of the product xy
Answer:
Explanation:
xy= 54
NEW QUESTION 86
A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. Some nineteenth-century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called "the 'Old is Beautiful' paradigm.* scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800.
marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. Early mapmaking was considered art while modem cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. Alpers. however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.
According to the passage. Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the "paradigm" were
- A. insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1S00
- B. inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to 1800 understood their own work
- C. dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking as visual engineering
- D. supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of maps made after 1S00
- E. unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and the technical qualities of mapmaking
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 87
OSSIFIED:
- A. excavated
- B. deconstructed
- C. wizened
- D. grizzled
- E. decimated
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
OSSIFIED means "turned to bone, or fossilized"; when wood, for example, becomes fossilized, it hardens as bone. Wizened means "shriveled or wrinkled, as with age" - which describes the opposite condition.
NEW QUESTION 88
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease. Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
The passage was found near 50 degrees S of ___.
- A. Greenwich
- B. Spain
- C. Madrid
- D. The equator
- E. Portugal
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 89
Exhibit.
Hezekiah has a whole number of dollars to purchase fish for his fish tank. He has less than S100. and the cost of each type offish is shown in the table. If he purchases as many fish of type A as he can and no other fish, he will have S4 remaining. If he purchases as many fish of type B as he can and 1 fish of type C. he will have SO remaining. How many dollars does Hezekiah have?
- A. $75
- B. $72
- C. $64
- D. $52
- E. $66
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 90
The graph summarizes the responses from 4.500 respondents who rated their degree of confidence in each of eight United States institutions. Each respondent gave each institution one of five confidence ratings: high, moderate, little, none, or undecided.
If 20 percent of the respondents rated both their degree of confidence in the federal government and their degree of confidence in the news media high or moderate, what percent of the respondents gave neither of these institutions a confidence rating of high or moderate?
- A. 35%
- B. 45%
- C. 40%
- D. 50%
- E. 55%
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The graph summarizes the responses from 4.500 respondents who rated their degree of confidence in each of eight United States institutions. Each respondent gave each institution one of five confidence ratings: high, moderate, little, none, or undecided.
NEW QUESTION 91
If a set 5 has a total of 6 subsets that consist of 2 members each, then S consists of how many members?
- A. Five
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Six
- E. Seven
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 92
CURSIVE:
- A. spoken
- B. unadorned
- C. clumsy
- D. disjointed
- E. straight
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
CURSIVE refers to a flowing, continuous style of printing or writing. Disjointed means "disconnected or separated."
NEW QUESTION 93
Robert Philip argues that the advent of recorded music has directed performance style into a search for greater precision and perfection, with a consequent loss of spontaneity and warmth. Various expressive devices once common in classical music have been almost outlawed, including portamento (sliding from one note to another on a stringed instrument), playing the piano with the hands not quite synchronized, and flexibility of tempo.
Philip fully documents these changes. However, other forces independent of recording were also at work. For example, the freedom of tempo so valued by Philip was. in its time, both a necessary expedient and disastrously abused. Recording alone did not cause the reaction against it. although hearing a particularly unintelligent use of it on disc may have reinforced the prejudice.
A criticism of Philip implied by the passage is that he
- A. values performance techniques that have lost their effectiveness
- B. limits his discussion of performance style to classical music
- C. exaggerates the extent of a change in performance style
- D. attributes a change in performance style to a single cause
- E. ignores unintelligent uses of certain performance techniques
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 94
In the 1980s the press release announcing the discovery of a new fundamental particle turned a once_______ hypothesis of interest to no more than a few hundred physicists into an undisputed fact of global significance.
- A. fungible
- B. recondite
- C. preeminent
- D. discretionary
- E. cogent
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 95
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